Learning Networking

WHAT IS SERVER A SERVER IS A COMPUTER PROGRAM OR DEVICE THAT PROVIDES A SERVICE TO ANOTHER COMPUTER PROGRAM AND ITS USER, ALSO KNOWN AS THE CLIENT. THIS ARCHITECTURE IS CALLED THE CLIENT-SERVER MODEL. A SERVER IS A NETWORK DEVICE BECAUSE IT IS A COMPUTER THAT IS CONNECTED TO A NETWORK AND PROVIDES RESOURCES TO OTHER COMPUTERS ON THE NETWORK. SERVERS ARE USED TO STORE DATA, RUN APPLICATIONS, AND PROVIDE SERVICES TO CLIENTS.  A SERVER IS A COMPUTER THAT PROVIDES RESOURCES, SUCH AS FILES, PROGRAMS, AND PRINTERS, TO OTHER COMPUTERS OVER A NETWORK. IT IS A CENTRAL POINT FOR DATA STORAGE AND PROCESSING, AND IT CAN BE USED TO RUN APPLICATIONS, HOST WEBSITES, AND PROVIDE EMAIL SERVICES. TYPES OF SERVER WEB SERVERS WEB SERVERS DELIVER WEB PAGES TO USERS' BROWSERS. THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STORING AND RETRIEVING WEB FILES, SUCH AS HTML, CSS, AND JAVASCRIPT. FILE SERVERS FILE SERVERS STORE FILES THAT CAN BE ACCESSED BY OTHER COMPUTERS ON THE NETWORK. THEY ARE OFTEN USED TO STORE SHARED DOCUME

  Q2.   How to Build Up Networks in Real Environment ? ANSWER : Through Cables And RJ45 Connectors  Buildes A Real Envoirment Network. Like A Local Area Network.   SOME POINTS RELATED FOR CREAT NETWORK 1.      You Must Have Ethernet Cable Which Will Help You Transfer Your Data Between Devices. 2.      You Should Be Able To Plug In An Rj45 Connector. 3.        There Are Two Types Of Ethernet Cables. 1. Straight Cable And 2. Crossover Cable. Straight   Cable : Connect Different Devices Together. Crossover Cable : Connects The Same Devices Together. Straight Cable Colour Coding : White Orange , Orange . White Green , Blue . White Blue , Green . White brown , Brown. Crossover Cable Colour Coding : White Green, Green . White Orange , Blue . White Blue , Orange . White Brown , Brown. _______________ STRAIGHT CABLE WHEN YOU MAKE A STRAGHT CABLE COLOUR CODING IS RJ45 CONNECTER IS. ON THE 1st SIDE OF CABLE IS  White Orange , Orange . White Green , Blue . White Blu

  CONFIGURATION DIAL-PEER STEP 1 CONFIGURATION IP PHONES R1 CONFIGURATION VOICE VLAN 1 OR IP PHONES CONFIGURATION DIAL-PEER ON R1 ROUTER RIP CONIGURATION R1 STEP 2 CONFIGURATION IP PHONES R2 CONFIGURATION VOICE VLAN 1 OR IP PHONES CONFIGURATION DIAL-PEER ON R2 ROUTER RIP CONIGURATION R2 __________________ STEP 1 IP ADDRESS CONFIGURE ON R1 CONFIGURATION MODE. Router(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)#  interface FastEthernet0/1 R1(config-if)# ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 R1(config-if)#  no shutdown R1(config-if)# interface FastEthernet0/0 R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit DHCP CONFIGURATION ON R1. R1(config)# ip dhcp pool manan R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 R1(dhcp-config)#  default-router 192.168.1.1 R1(dhcp-config)# option 150 ip 192.168.1.1 R1(dhcp-config)# exit CONFIGURATION IP PHONES ON R1. R1(config)# telephony-service R1(config-telephony)#  max-ephones 2 R1(config-telephony)#  max-dn 2 R1(config-te

WAHT IS A FIREWALL 1. Firewall Is A Network Security Device Which Is Used To Manage And Filter The Incoming And Outgoing Network Traffic.  2. Firewall Is Handle Or Filter The Traffic Between Private And Public Network. The Main Function Of Firewall Is To Manage The Unwanted Access Over A Network And Also Out The Unfaith Traffic From The Network.  3. Firewall Exist Since 1980's To Filter The Packet Over The Network.  THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF FIREWALL  1. Packet Filtering Proxy Services ·  2. Stateful Inspection   3. Next Generation Firewall. WORIKING OF FIREWALL 1. Firewall Basically Work To Filter The Traffic And Remove The Malicious Activity Firewall Block The Malicious Access Over A Network It Senses Quickly And Detect The Outside Attack And Also Notify The Legitimate User Over A Network. 2. Especially Next Generation Firewalls, Focus On Blocking Malware And Application-Layer Attacks. PACKET FILTERING INSPECTION Packet Filtering Is A Firewall Technique Used To Control Network Acce

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WHAT IS DATA TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING THE DATA BETWEEN TWO OR MORE DIGITAL DEVICES IN ANALOG OR DIGITAL FORMAT.  THIS DATA IS TRANSFERRED IN THE FORM OF BITS. TYPES OF  DATA TRANSMISSION PARALLEL  DATA TRANSMISSION PARALLEL DATA TRANSMISSION SENDS MULTIPLE DATA BITS AT THE SAME TIME OVER MULTIPLE CHANNELS . _______________ SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION SEND DATA BITS ONE AFTER ANOTHER OVER A SINGLE CHANNEL. DIFFERENT BETWEN SERIAL VS PARALLEL  TRANSMISSION DIAGRAM ________________ SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION A LOT OF DATA IS SENT IN A BLOCK EACH BLOCK HAS MANY CHARACTERS. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION   ONLY ONE CHARACTER IS SENT AT A TIME WEATHER THAT A CHARACTER IS NUMBER OR ALPHABET IT USES START AND STOP BITS FOR TRANSFERRING DATA. ASYNCHRONOUS VS   SYNCHRONOUS DIAGRAM ____________________ IF YOU WANT PDF IN URDU TRANSLATION OF THIS BLO G  THEN CLICK ON  "ABDUL MANAN JAVED" Pop Out    BELOW   AFTER CLICKING, A  WINDOW  

  WHAT IS TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION MODE MEANS TRANSFERRING DATA BETWEEN TWO DEVICES CONNECTED OVER A NETWORK IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS MODE OF COMMUNICATION. TYPES OF  TRANSMISSION MODE THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MODE. 1.    SIMPLEX 2.  HALF DUPLEX  3.  FULL DUPLEX  SIMPLEX MODE IN THIS MODE OF COMMUNICATION  DATA CAN BE SENT ONLY ONE DIRECTION MEANS UNI- DIRECTIONAL. EX: LoudSpeaker , Keyboard, Monitor. Etc......... You See It Communication Only One Directional It.                                                               _________________ HALF-DUPLEX MODE IN THIS MODE OF COMMUNICATION A SENDER CAN SEND THE DATA AS WELL AS RECEIVES THE DATA BUT NOT AT THE SAME TIME. EXAMPLE :   WALKIE-TALKIE __________________ FULL-DUPLEX MODE IN THIS MODE OF COMMUNICATION THE SENDER CAN SEND AS WELL AS RECEIVE THE DATA ON THE OTHER HAND THE RECEIVER CAN RECEIVE AS WELL AS SEND THE DATA AT THE SAME TIME. EXAMPLE :  TELEPHONE NETWORK _____________________ SIMPLEX VS HALF-DULEX VS FULL DUP

  WHAT IS SSL 1. SSL STAND FOR (SECURE SOCKETS LAYER). 2. SSL IS STANDARD TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURING AN INTERNET CONNECTION BY ENCRYPTING DATA SENT BETWEEN A WEBSITE AND A BROWSER (OR BETWEEN TWO SERVERS). 3.  IT PREVENTS HACKERS FROM SEEING OR THEFT ANY INFORMATION TRANSFERRED, INCLUDING PERSONAL OR FINANCIAL DATA. 4.   A SECURE SOCKET LAYER SERVER (SSL SERVER) IS AN INTERNET SERVER, USUALLY A WEB SERVER, WHICH HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO PERFORM CRYPTOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONS TO ENABLE A SECURE CONNECTION BETWEEN IT AND A CONNECTING CLIENT, USUALLY A WEB BROWSER . 5.   ALL SUCH SECURE TRANSFERS ARE DONE USING PORT 443 , THE STANDARD PORT FOR HTTPS TRAFFI C. _____________ SSH VS SSL WORK IS SSL

IP PHONE NOWADAYS, BY ACCESSING IP PHONES EITHER THERE IS A FEATURE INSIDE THE IPHONES TO CONFIGURE THE IP ADDRESS AND THAT IS A SEPARATE SOFTWARE.  BUT IT IS OLD TECHNOLOGY DIAL NUMBERS ARE CONFIGURED IN THE ROUTER. CONFIGURATION  FIRST STEP   1. CONFIGURATION IP ADDRESS TO R1 AND PC1. 2. CONFIGURATION DHCP IN R1. SECOND STEP  1. CONFIGURATION IP PHONE IN R1. 2.  ENABLE VOICE VLAN IN SW1. _____________________ FIRST STEP FIRST YOU HAVE TO OPEN THE  AL L IPHONE AND THEN GO TO THE IPHONE AND ATTACH THE POWER ADAPTER. AFTER THAT YOU GO TO ROUTER AND ENTER COMMANDS FOR ASSIGN IP ADDRESS . Router(config)# inter fa0/0 Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)# no shutdown CONFIGURATION DHCP ON ROUTER. Router(config-if)# ip dhcp pool manan Router(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 Router(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.100.1 _________________ SECOND STEP  AFTER THAT YOU GO TO ROUTER  CONFGURATION MODE AND ENTER COMMANDS FOR IP PH

  WHAT IS ARP 1. ARP FIND MAC ADDRESS OF HOST FROM ITS KNOWN IP ADDRESS. 2. IT IS LAYER TWO PROTOCOL.  3.  ARP REQUEST IS A BROADCAST BUT ARP RESPONSE IS A UNICAST.  4.  THE ARP CONCEPT USED ONLY IN IPV4 ENVIRONMENT.  5.  ARP IS A NEVER GENERATED FOR THE DEVICE OF OTHER NETWORK. 6. THE ARP PROTOCOL CONVERTS THE MAC ADDRESS INTO AN IP ADDRESS. 7.  THE ARP PROTOCOL CONVERTS THE MAC ADDRESS INTO AN IP ADDRESS   BUT  A SWITCH COMMUNICATES BAESED ON MAC ADDRESS. BUT IS BACKEND IS  IP ADDRESS FOR COMMUNICATION BUT WE PING ITS THE MAC-ADDRESS RESOLVED INTO IP ADDRESS. 8.  THE ARP PROTOCOL IS COMMONLY USED TO FIND OUT THE MAC ADDRESS OF DEVICES. TYPES OF ARP 1. ARP 2. PROXY ARP 3.  REVERSE ARP 4. GRATITUOS ARP ______________ PACKET FORMATE OF ARP _________ ____________________ IF YOU HAVE TO COMMUNICATE ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD OR SEND A DATA PACKET OR TRANSMIT A DATA PACKET, THEN YOU MUST KNOW THESE THINGS IN THIS DATA PACKET. IF YOU DO NOT KNOW THESE THINGS, YOU IT WILL NOT BE AB