Learning Networking

A Vpn, Or Virtual Private Network, Is A Service That Encrypts Your Internet Traffic And Routes It Through A Server In Another Location. This Makes It Appear As If You Are Connecting To The Internet From That Location, Rather Than Your Actual Location. Vpns Are Used For A Variety Of Purposes, Including Security Vpns Can Help To Protect Your Privacy And Security Online. By Encrypting Your Traffic, Vpns Make It More Difficult For Hackers To Intercept Your Data. Anonymity Vpns Can Also Help To Anonymize Your Online Activity. This Means That Your Isp And Other Third Parties Will Not Be Able To See What Websites You Are Visiting Or What Data You Are Sending And Receiving. Access To Blocked Content Vpns Can Also Be Used To Access Blocked Content. For Example, If You Are In A Country That Censors The Internet, You Can Use A Vpn To Connect To A Server In Another Country And Access Websites That Are Blocked In Your Own Country. Here Are Some Of The Drawbacks Of Using A Vpn Per

GREAT LEARNING WHICH IS A VERY GOOD ONLINE FREE CERTIFICATION LEARNING PLATFORM IN WHICH YOU CAN STUDY DIFFERENT COURSES ONLINE AND GIVE MCQS IN THE LAST TO GET CERTIFICATION FREE ORIGINAL AND COURSE OUT LINE OF ITS COURSE FIREWALL. LINK FOR HIS WEBSITE:  Great Learning Website ______________ COURSE OULINE OF FIREWALL   Q1. WHAT IS  A CYBER SECURITY ? Q2. NEED FOR CYBER SECURITY ? Q3. KEY CONCEPT OF CYBER SECURITY ? Q4. TYPES OF CYBER SECURITY ? Q5. WHAT ARE THREATS ? Q6. WHAT ARE  Vulnerabilities ? Q7. WHAT IS A FIREWALL ? Q8. NEED FOR FIREWALL ? Q9. FIREWALL VS ANTIVIRUS ? Q10. WHO DOES A FIREWALL WORK ? Q11. TYPES OF FIREWALL ?

  AN INTERNET CONTENT FILTER IS SOFTWARE THAT RESTRICTS OR CONTROLS THE CONTENT AN INTERNET USER IS CAPABLE OF ACCESSING, ESPECIALLY WHEN USED TO RESTRICT MATERIAL DELIVERED OVER THE INTERNET VIA THE WEB, EMAIL, OR OTHER MEANS. CONTENT-CONTROL SOFTWARE DETERMINES WHAT CONTENT WILL BE AVAILABLE OR BE BLOCKED. AN INTERNET CONTENT FILTER OR SIMPLY A CONTENT FILTER IS USUALLY APPLIED AS SOFTWARE AT THE APPLICATION LAYER AND IT CAN FILTER OUT VARIOUS TYPES OF INTERNET ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS ACCESSED TO CERTAIN WEBSITES, EMAIL, INSTANT MESSAGING, AND SO ON. INTERNET CONTENT FILTERS CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES, INCLUDING PARENTAL CONTROL PARENTS CAN USE INTERNET CONTENT FILTERS TO BLOCK INAPPROPRIATE WEBSITES AND CONTENT FROM THEIR CHILDREN'S DEVICES. CORPORATE SECURITY   BUSINESSES CAN USE INTERNET CONTENT FILTERS TO BLOCK WEBSITES THAT ARE NOT WORK-RELATED OR THAT COULD POSE A SECURITY RISK. GOVERNMENT CENSORSHIP GOVERNMENTS CAN USE INTERNET CONTENT FILTERS TO BLOCK

  A PROXY IS A SERVER THAT ACTS AS AN INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN A CLIENT AND A SERVER. WHEN A CLIENT REQUESTS A RESOURCE FROM A SERVER, THE PROXY SERVER FORWARDS THE REQUEST TO THE SERVER AND THEN RETURNS THE RESPONSE TO THE CLIENT. THIS CAN BE DONE FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES, INCLUDING PRIVACY A PROXY CAN BE USED TO HIDE THE CLIENT'S IP ADDRESS FROM THE SERVER. THIS CAN BE USEFUL FOR PROTECTING THE CLIENT'S PRIVACY OR FOR BYPASSING GEO-BLOCKING. SECURITY A PROXY CAN BE USED TO FILTER TRAFFIC AND BLOCK MALICIOUS REQUESTS. THIS CAN HELP TO PROTECT THE CLIENT'S COMPUTER FROM MALWARE OR OTHER ATTACKS. PERFORMANCE A PROXY CAN BE USED TO CACHE RESOURCES, WHICH CAN IMPROVE PERFORMANCE FOR THE CLIENT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR WEBSITES THAT ARE FREQUENTLY ACCESSED. THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF PROXY FORWARD PROXIES FORWARD PROXIES ARE USED TO HIDE THE CLIENT'S IP ADDRESS FROM THE SERVER. THEY ARE TYPICALLY USED BY INDIVIDUALS OR ORGANIZATIONS THAT WANT TO PROTECT THEIR PRIVACY.

  WHAT IS IDS 1. AN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM IS A DEVICE OR SOFTWARE APPLICATION THAT MONITORS A NETWORK OR SYSTEMS FOR MALICIOUS ACTIVITY OR POLICY VIOLATIONS.  2. ANY INTRUSION ACTIVITY OR VIOLATION IS TYPICALLY REPORTED EITHER TO AN ADMINISTRATOR OR COLLECTED CENTRALLY USING A SECURITY INFORMATION AND EVENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. TYPES OF IDS  NIDS NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION AND PREVENTION A NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (NIDS) IS A TYPE OF IDS THAT ATTEMPTS TO DETECT MALICIOUS NETWORK ACTIVITIES (E.G., PORT SCANS AND DOS ATTACKS) BY CONSTANTLY MONITORING NETWORK TRAFFIC. THE NIDS WILL THEN REPORT ANY ISSUES THAT IT FINDS TO A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR AS LONG AS IT IS CONFIGURED PROPERLY . NIDS IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY SOLUTION. BY DETECTING MALICIOUS ACTIVITY, NIDS CAN HELP TO PROTECT NETWORKS FROM ATTACK. HERE ARE SOME OF THE BENEFITS OF USING NIDS 1. CAN DETECT A VARIETY OF ATTACKS. 2. CAN BE DEPLOYED IN A VARIETY OF WAYS 3. CAN HELP TO PROTECT NETWORKS F

  L2TP, WHICH STANDS FOR LAYER 2 TUNNELING PROTOCOL, IS A NETWORKING PROTOCOL USED TO CREATE SECURE VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS (VPNS). PURPOSE: L2TP ITSELF DOESN'T PROVIDE ENCRYPTION OR AUTHENTICATION. ITS PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO ESTABLISH A "TUNNEL" BETWEEN YOUR DEVICE AND A VPN SERVER, ENCAPSULATING YOUR DATA PACKETS WITHIN ANOTHER LAYER OF INFORMATION. THIS TUNNEL ACTS AS A SECURE CHANNEL FOR TRANSMITTING YOUR DATA OVER THE PUBLIC INTERNET. L2TP CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES, INCLUDING REMOTE ACCESS L2TP CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE REMOTE ACCESS TO A CORPORATE NETWORK. THIS ALLOWS EMPLOYEES TO CONNECT TO THE CORPORATE NETWORK FROM HOME OR FROM A REMOTE LOCATION. SITE-TO-SITE VPN L2TP CAN BE USED TO CREATE A SITE-TO-SITE VPN BETWEEN TWO NETWORKS. THIS ALLOWS TWO NETWORKS TO SECURELY COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER, EVEN IF THEY ARE NOT DIRECTLY CONNECTED. CONTENT DELIVERY L2TP CAN BE USED TO DELIVER CONTENT TO REMOTE USERS. THIS CAN BE USED TO DELIVER

  POINT-TO-POINT TUNNELING PROTOCOL (PPTP) • PPTP ALLOWS MULTIPROTOCOL TRAFFIC TO BE ENCRYPTED AND THEN ENCAPSULATED IN AN IP HEADER TO BE SENT ACROSS AN IP NETWORK OR A PUBLIC IP NETWORK. • PPTP CAN BE USED FOR REMOTE ACCESS AND SITE-TO-SITE VPN CONNECTIONS. • PPTP ENCAPSULATES PPP FRAMES IN IP DATAGRAMS FOR TRANSMISSION. • PPTP USES A TCP CONNECTION FOR TUNNEL MANAGEMENT AND A MODIFIED VERSION OF GENERIC ROUTING ENCAPSULATION (GRE) TO ENCAPSULATE PPP FRAMES . • THE PAYLOAD OF THE ENCAPSULATED PPP FRAME CAN BE ENCRYPTED, COMPRESSED OR BOTH.

AN EDGE ROUTER IS A NETWORK DEVICE THAT OPERATES AT THE EDGE OF A NETWORK, SERVING AS THE GATEWAY BETWEEN THE LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) AND THE WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN). ITS PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO DIRECT TRAFFIC BETWEEN THE DEVICES ON THE LOCAL NETWORK AND THE EXTERNAL NETWORKS, SUCH AS THE INTERNET OR OTHER INTERCONNECTED NETWORKS. KEY FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF AN EDGE ROUTER INCLUDE: ROUTING THE CORE FUNCTION OF AN EDGE ROUTER IS TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT THE BEST PATH FOR DATA PACKETS TO TRAVEL FROM THE LOCAL NETWORK TO THEIR DESTINATION ACROSS THE INTERNET OR OTHER NETWORKS. IT USES VARIOUS ROUTING PROTOCOLS TO DETERMINE THE MOST EFFICIENT ROUTES FOR DATA TRANSMISSION. NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT) EDGE ROUTERS OFTEN USE NAT TO MAP PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES OF DEVICES WITHIN THE LOCAL NETWORK TO A SINGLE PUBLIC IP ADDRESS THAT REPRESENTS THE ENTIRE NETWORK WHEN COMMUNICATING WITH EXTERNAL NETWORKS. THIS ALLOWS MULTIPLE DEVICES WITHIN THE LAN TO SHARE A SINGLE PUBLIC IP ADDRESS.

  REMOTE ACCESS VPN A REMOTE ACCESS VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) IS A SECURE WAY TO CONNECT TO A PRIVATE NETWORK FROM A REMOTE LOCATION. IT CREATES A SECURE TUNNEL BETWEEN YOUR DEVICE AND THE REMOTE NETWORK, WHICH ENCRYPTS ALL OF YOUR TRAFFIC SO THAT IT CANNOT BE INTERCEPTED BY THIRD PARTIES. REMOTE ACCESS VPNS ARE OFTEN USED BY BUSINESSES TO ALLOW EMPLOYEES TO WORK FROM HOME OR FROM OTHER REMOTE LOCATIONS. THEY CAN ALSO BE USED BY INDIVIDUALS TO ACCESS THEIR WORK NETWORK FROM A PUBLIC WI-FI HOTSPOT OR OTHER UNSECURED NETWORK. THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF REMOTE ACCESS VPN IPSEC-BASED: VPNS USE THE INTERNET PROTOCOL SECURITY (IPSEC) PROTOCOL TO ENCRYPT TRAFFIC. IPSEC IS A WIDELY USED AND WELL-RESPECTED SECURITY PROTOCOL, AND IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE VERY SECURE. SSL/TLS-BASED: VPNS USE THE SECURE SOCKETS LAYER (SSL) OR TRANSPORT LAYER SECURITY (TLS) PROTOCOLS TO ENCRYPT TRAFFIC. SSL/TLS IS A NEWER PROTOCOL THAN IPSEC, BUT IT IS JUST AS SECURE. REMOTE ACCESS VPNS OFFER A NUMBER

  WHAT IS CISCO CISCO SYSTEMS, INC., COMMONLY KNOWN AS CISCO, IS AN AMERICAN MULTINATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CONGLOMERATE HEADQUARTERED IN SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA. CISCO DEVELOPS, MANUFACTURES, AND SELLS NETWORKING HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT AND OTHER HIGH-TECHNOLOGY SERVICES AND PRODUCTS. CISCO SPECIALIZES IN SPECIFIC TECH MARKETS, SUCH AS THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT), DOMAIN SECURITY, VIDEOCONFERENCING, AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT WITH LEADING PRODUCTS INCLUDING WEBEX, OPENDNS, JABBER, DUO SECURITY, AND JASPER. CISCO IS ONE OF THE LARGEST TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES IN THE WORLD RANKING 74 ON THE FORTUNE 100 WITH OVER $51 BILLION IN REVENUE AND NEARLY 80,000 EMPLOYEES. CISCO'S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE USED BY BUSINESSES OF ALL SIZES, GOVERNMENTS, AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AROUND THE WORLD. THE COMPANY'S NETWORKING PRODUCTS ARE USED TO CONNECT COMPUTERS, SERVERS, AND OTHER DEVICES TOGETHER TO FORM NETWORKS. CISCO'S SECURITY PRODUCTS ARE USED TO PROTECT NETWORKS FROM C

  HIS CODE YOU PROVIDE IT COPY AND PAST HIS BLOG POST SO  CLICK THIS ABDUL MANAN JAVED AND SECOND CLICK HIS GET CODE ABDUL MANAN JAVED GET CODE

  QUESTION : WHO CREATED THE FIRST NETWORK AND INTERNET? ANSWER :  THE NETWORK WAS CREATED BEFORE THE INTERNET. PROVED HIS NETWORK INVENTION COMPUTER NETWORKS WERE FIRST DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 1950s FOR MILITARY AND DEFENSE USA. THEY WERE INITIALLY USED TO TRANSMIT DATA OVER TELEPHONE LINES AND HAD LIMITED COMMERCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS. WITH THE ADVENT OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES, A COMPUTER NETWORK HAS BECOME INDISPENSABLE FOR BUSINESSES. INTERNET INVENTION STARTED A INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TO AMRICAN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE IN 1969. INTERNET FIRST NAME IS ARPANET.  ORIGINAL ARPHANET IS SHUTDOWN IN 1990. FIRST PUBLIC PACKET GENERATE THE FIRST PUBLICLY TRANSMITTED MESSAGE ON THE ARPANET (THE PRECURSOR TO THE INTERNET) WAS "LOGIN" FOLLOWED BY "<SPACE>113" SENT BY CHARLEY KLINE ON OCTOBER 29, 1969. ___________

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  HISTORY OF TCP/IP MODEL THE TCP/IP MODEL WAS DEVELOPED BY VINT CERF AND BOB KAHN IN THE 1970S. THEY WERE BOTH WORKING AT THE DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY (DARPA) AT THE TIME. Vint Cerf And Bob Kahn CERF AND KAHN WERE TASKED WITH DEVELOPING A NEW NETWORK PROTOCOL THAT WOULD BE MORE RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT THAN THE EXISTING PROTOCOLS. THEY CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF USING A LAYERED APPROACH, WHICH WOULD ALLOW EACH LAYER TO FOCUS ON A SPECIFIC TASK. THIS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TCP/IP MODEL, WHICH IS STILL THE BASIS FOR HOW DATA IS TRANSMITTED OVER THE INTERNET TODAY. CERF AND KAHN ARE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE "FATHERS OF THE INTERNET" FOR THEIR WORK ON THE TCP/IP MODEL. THEY WERE INDUCTED INTO THE NATIONAL INVENTORS HALL OF FAME IN 2004 FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET. HERE ARE SOME OTHER NOTABLE PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TCP/IP MODEL: JON POSTEL: POSTEL WAS THE FIRST CHAIRMAN OF THE INTERNET ENGINEERI

  UNICAST COMMUNICATION UNICAST COMMUNICATION IS A ONE-TO-ONE COMMUNICATION MODEL IN WHICH A SINGLE SENDER DELIVERS DATA TO A SINGLE RECEIVER. THIS IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DATA TRANSFER OVER NETWORKS. UNICAST COMMUNICATION IS USED FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING: WEB BROWSING: WHEN YOU VISIT A WEBSITE, THE WEBSITE SENDS A UNICAST PACKET TO YOUR COMPUTER. FILE TRANSFERS: WHEN YOU TRANSFER A FILE FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER, THE TWO COMPUTERS SEND UNICAST PACKETS TO EACH OTHER. EMAIL:  WHEN YOU SEND AN EMAIL, YOUR COMPUTER SENDS A UNICAST PACKET TO THE RECIPIENT'S COMPUTER. UNICAST COMMUNICATION IS A RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT WAY TO TRANSFER DATA. IT IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DATA TRANSFER OVER NETWORKS BECAUSE IT IS EASY TO IMPLEMENT AND IT USES THE LEAST AMOUNT OF BANDWIDTH. __________ BROADCAST COMMUNICATION IN COMPUTER NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BROADCAST COMMUNICATION IS A METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IN WHICH A SINGLE MESSAGE IS SENT TO ALL DEVICES ON A NE