Learning Networking

  POP (Post Office Protocol) ek email protocol hai jo emails ko server se download karne aur local device (jaise computer ya phone) pe store karne ke liye use hota hai.   POP Ka Kaam Kaise Karta Hai?   1. Email Download: Jab aap apne email client (jaise Outlook, Thunderbird) par POP set up karte hain, to aapka email client server se emails ko download kar leta hai.    2. Server Se Deletion: Default POP setting mein, jab emails aapke device par download ho jate hain, to wo server se delete ho jate hain. Matlab server pe aapke emails nahi rehte, wo aapke local device pe store ho jate hain.   3. Single Device Access: POP ko use karte waqt aap sirf ek device se emails access kar sakte hain. Agar aap ne email apne computer pe download kar liya, to wo doosre device (jaise mobile) par available nahi hota.   POP Ki Example:   Maan lijiye aapne apne email account ko POP ke zariye apne computer pe configure kiya hai:   ...

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) ek protocol hai jo email messages ko server par store karta hai, aur aapko multiple devices se apne emails access karne ki suvidha deta hai. Iska fayda yeh hai ke saare devices (jaise mobile, laptop, etc.) par aapka email account sync rehta hai, aur aap kisi bhi device se apne emails ko manage kar sakte hain. IMAP Ka Kaam Kaise Karta Hai? Emails Server Par Stored Rehte Hain: Jab aap IMAP use karte hain, to aapke emails server par stored rehte hain. Matlab aapka phone, laptop ya kisi bhi device par jab aap email dekhenge, wo sab device pe sync ho jayenge. Multiple Devices Se Access: Aap apne email account ko multiple devices (mobile, laptop, tablet) pe setup kar sakte hain. Jab bhi aap kisi device pe email read, delete ya move karte hain, wo change baaki devices pe bhi show hota hai. Email Folders Ko Manage Karna: IMAP ke zariye aap apne emails ko folders mein organize kar sakte hain, jaise "Inbox," "Sent," "Dra...

  FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ka kaam hai files ko ek machine se dusre machine par transfer karna. Yeh primarily upload aur download files ke liye use hota hai, aur remote servers se files access karne ke liye bhi use hota hai. FTP ka kaam kaise hota hai: 1. *Client-Server Model*: FTP ek Client-Server Model par kaam karta hai. Aapka FTP client (jaise FileZilla ya command prompt) remote FTP server (jahan files store hote hain) se connect hota hai. 2. *Connection Establishment*: Jab aap FTP client ko open karte hain, toh aapko server ke IP address, username, aur password enter karna hota hai. Yeh certification process hai. 3. *File Operation*: Connection establish karne ke baad, aap FTP client se files upload aur download kar sakte hain. Aap directories search kar sakte hain, aur files move aur delete kar sakte hain. 4. *Data Transfer*: FTP se aap binary files (images, videos) aur text-based files (documents, scripts) transfer kar sakte hain. *Port*: FTP ke liye do ports use hote ha...

    TELNET ek protocol hai jo remote device ya server se communication karne ke liye use hota hai. Yeh primarily remote access provide karta hai network devices jaise ki routers, switches, servers, aur bhi bahut kuch! TELNET ka kaam kaise hota hai: 1. _Connection Establishment_: Aap TELNET client (jaise Command Prompt, PuTTY) ka use karke remote machine ke IP address par connection establish karte hain. 2. _Login_: Aapka username aur password login ke liye use hota hai. 3. _Command_: Login ke baad, aap CLI commands enter karte hain jo remote devices (jaise routers ya servers) ko configure karte hain. Example: - Aap apne router ko remotely configure karna chahte hain. - Aap TELNET client ko open karte hain. - Aap connection establish karte hain router ke IP address ke saath command `telnet 192.168.1.1` ka use karke. - Aap login karte hain aur router ko configure karte hain. _Port_: TELNET ke liye default port hai _Port 23_. _Security Note_: TELNET ek unencrypted protocol hai, j...

  SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ek protocol hai jo email bhejne ke liye use hota hai. Yeh email communication ka backbone hai. SMTP ka kaam kaise hota hai: 1. _Email Sending_: Jab aap email bhejte hain (jaise Gmail, Outlook), toh aapka email SMTP ke through server par pahunchta hai. 2. _Server-Server-Communication_: SMTP servers ek dusre se baat karte hain aur email ko recipient ke mail server par pahunchate hain. 3. _Inbox Delivery_: Mail recipient ke server se unke inbox par pahunchta hai (IMAP/POP3 ke through). Example: - Aap `abc@gmail.com` se `xyz@yahoo.com` par email bhejte hain. - Gmail SMTP server email ko receive karta hai aur Yahoo SMTP server par forward karta hai. - Yahoo mail server email ko recipient ke inbox mein store karta hai. _Port_: SMTP ke liye do ports use hote hain: - Port 25: Default port hai, lekin spam ke karan kam use hota hai. - Port 587: Secure aur commonly use hota hai email bhejne ke liye. Brief Summary: SMTP sirf email bhejne ke liye use hota ...

Domain Enter Karna: Jab aap apne browser mein koi website ka naam (e.g., www.google.com) likhte hain, to yeh domain name hota hai. DNS Query: Browser pehle yeh pata lagata hai ke is domain name ka IP address kya hai (kyun ke internet sirf IP addresses ko samajhta hai). DNS Resolver: Aapka internet service provider (ISP) ka DNS resolver yeh request receive karta hai aur IP address dhundhne ki koshish karta hai. DNS Servers ke Layers: Recursive Resolver: Yeh pehle try karta hai local cache se answer dena. Agar na mile, to Root Server se poochta hai. Root Server: Root Server batata hai ke top-level domain (e.g., .com, .org) kahan milega. TLD Server: TLD server batata hai ke specific domain (e.g., google.com) ka information kahan hai. Authoritative DNS Server:   Yeh final server hota hai jo domain ka IP address provide karta hai. IP Address Return Hona:   Resolver ko IP address milta hai aur yeh aapke browser ko deta hai. Website Open Hona: ...

  To set up an Ad Hoc Wireless Network in Windows 8/10 using command prompt, follow these steps: Open Command Prompt as Administrator: Press Win + X and select Command Prompt (Admin) from the menu. Check if your Wi-Fi adapter supports Hosted Network: Run the following command to check if your Wi-Fi adapter supports hosted networks: shell Copy code netsh wlan show drivers Look for the line that says Hosted network supported. If it says Yes, you can proceed with setting up the Ad Hoc network. Set up the Hosted Network: To create an Ad Hoc network, use the following command, replacing YourNetworkName and YourPassword with your desired network name and password: 1. netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=YourNetworkName key=YourPassword mode=allow: Allows the hosted network feature. ssid=YourNetworkName: The name of your Ad Hoc network (SSID). key=YourPassword: The password for the network (make sure it’s at least 8 characters long). 2. Start the Hosted Network: To start the netwo...

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