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IP PACKET HEADER

 



IPV4, HAS A HEADER THAT IS 20 BYTES LONG. SINCE THERE ARE 8 BITS IN A BYTE, THIS TRANSLATES TO 160 BITS IN THE HEADER.

VERSION:

IDENTIFIES THE IP VERSION (E.G., 4 OR 6).

IHL (INTERNET HEADER LENGTH):

 INDICATES THE LENGTH OF THE HEADER IN 32-BIT WORDS (ONE WORD = 4 BYTES). THE MINIMUM VALUE IS 5, SO THE MINIMUM HEADER LENGTH IS 20 BYTES.

TYPE OF SERVICE (TOS):

SPECIFIES HOW THE PACKET SHOULD BE TREATED BY ROUTERS (E.G., HIGH PRIORITY, LOW DELAY).

TOTAL LENGTH:

 SPECIFIES THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE PACKET IN BYTES, INCLUDING BOTH THE HEADER AND THE DATA.

IDENTIFICATION: UNIQUE

IDENTIFIER USED TO REASSEMBLE FRAGMENTED PACKETS.

FLAGS:

 CONTROL BITS FOR SPECIAL HANDLING, SUCH AS FRAGMENTATION OR DO NOT FRAGMENT.

TIME TO LIVE (TTL):

 DECREMENTS BY 1 WITH EACH HOP THROUGH A ROUTER. A PACKET WITH A TTL OF 0 IS DISCARDED TO PREVENT ENDLESS LOOPS.

PROTOCOL:

  IDENTIFIES THE PROTOCOL USED FOR THE UPPER-LAYER DATA (E.G., TCP, UDP).

HEADER CHECKSUM:

 ENSURES THE HEADER DATA IS NOT CORRUPTED DURING TRANSMISSION.

SOURCE IP ADDRESS:

THE IP ADDRESS OF THE DEVICE THAT SENT THE PACKET.

DESTINATION IP ADDRESS:

 THE IP ADDRESS OF THE DEVICE THAT SHOULD RECEIVE THE PACKET.


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