BPDU (stands for Bridge Protocol Data Unit)

BPDU stands for Bridge Protocol Data Unit. BPDUs are data messages that travel across a local area network (LAN) to detect network topology loops. They contain information about ports, switches, port priority, and addresses.

BPDU packet used in Stp Protocol.

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BRIDGE MODE AND NAT MODE AP

BOTH BRIDGE MODE AND NAT MODE ARE WAYS TO CONFIGURE AN ACCESS POINT (AP) TO EXTEND A NETWORK, BUT THEY DIFFER IN HOW THEY HANDLE IP ADDRESSES AND NETWORK TRAFFIC: BRIDGE MODE: CONCEPT: ACTS AS A TRANSPARENT BRIDGE, SIMPLY RELAYING DATA BETWEEN WIRED AND WIRELESS DEVICES. IP ADDRESS: DEVICES OBTAIN THEIR IP ADDRESSES FROM AN UPSTREAM DHCP SERVER, TYPICALLY THE MAIN ROUTER ON THE NETWORK. NETWORK TRAFFIC: ALL DEVICES, BOTH WIRED AND WIRELESS, ARE SEEN AS PART OF THE SAME NETWORK AND CAN DIRECTLY COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER. BENEFITS: SEAMLESS ROAMING: DEVICES CAN EFFORTLESSLY SWITCH BETWEEN APS WITHOUT LOSING THEIR IP ADDRESS OR CONNECTION. SIMPLIFIED NETWORK MANAGEMENT: ALL DEVICES ARE ON THE SAME SUBNET, MAKING CONFIGURATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING EASIER. INCREASED COMPATIBILITY: WORKS WITH DEVICES THAT DON'T SUPPORT NAT TRAVERSAL (E.G., SOME VPN CLIENTS). DRAWBACKS: LESS SECURITY : ALL DEVICES ARE DIRECTLY EXPOSED TO EACH OTHER, POTENTIALLY INCREAS

DOS AND DDOS ATTACK

A Dos (Denial-Of-Service) Attack and A DDOS (Distributed Denial-Of-Service) Attack Are Both Attempts to Make a Computer System or Network Resource Unavailable to Legitimate Users. However, They Differ in How They Achieve This: Dos Attack: Imagine A Single Person Throwing Rocks at A Castle Gate. A This Person Represents the Attacker, And the Rocks Represent the Malicious Traffic. The Castle Gate Represents the Target System or Network Resource. The Attacker Keeps Throwing Rocks, Trying to Overwhelm the Gate's Defenses and Gain Entry. Dos Attacks Are Typically Launched from A Single System. They Can Be Effective Against Small Systems or Networks, But Larger Systems Can Often Withstand Them. DDos Attack: Imagine An Army Throwing Rocks at A Castle Gate. This Army Represents the Attacker, And the Rocks Represent the Malicious Traffic. The Castle Gate Represents the Target System or Network Resource. The Attackers Coordinate Their Attack, Throwing Rocks from Multiple Directions at Once.

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